OVERVIEW OF CLIMATE CHANGES AND WATER RELATED PROBLEMS IN INDONESIA[1]
By: A. Hafied A. Gany[2]
gany@hafied.org; hafiedgany@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Despite that the climate change (CC) has already been exposed by many countries in the world, however, Indonesia has only been acquainted with the short term observation only to some research institutes, universities and other related agencies. Till today there are still many parties that are yet pay attention to the occurrence of CC, even many community members who are still considered the CC as a garbage story that could not possibly taken place and affecting the livelihood and environment. In most cases, for those who aware of the CC in Indonesia, it is only concerning with rapid deforestation, forest fires, degraded peatlands, and diminishing carbon ‘sinks’ – as also believed by many scientists as a major contributor to global warming (GW). This postulation is not wrong at all, but it is only about part of the CC circumstances. In facts, Indonesian as the archipelago country will also be the major victims of the CC. Therefore, if we do not immediately get used to this newly CC’s induced environment we would suffer from the immediate consequences. For instance, the increasing uncertainty of water has been suspected by many researchers and practitioners as due to the impacts of Global Changes (GC), which was initially trigged by the continuous effect of CC. In an attempt to give thoughts to the nature of CC and water related problems as well as the subsequent “mitigation” or “adaptation” strategies of the GC to the continuous effects, in general, and to water related problems, one should initially know about the nature of GC in connection with climate system and their implications, as well as the subsequent alternative measures to resolve the underlying constraints and problems.
This paper discusses the nature of GC and it’s associated, human caused GC, CC’s implications, theoretical and empirical perspectives, as well as evidences of their adverse impacts and the way forward to “mitigate” or “adapt” the related impacts. Some alternative measures in terms of “mitigation” and “adaptation” strategies are outlined in this paper giving some perspective on immediate targets for actions. It is evident from the concluding remarks that the CC with its relationship to the adverse impacts in Indonesia are far more complicated than one’s ever had in mind before. So, we mutually have to do things right now, to deal with the GCs and the CC’s related circumstance for saving our environment in particular and other global consequences in general.
Keywords: Climate Change, Water Related Problems, Indonesia
This paper has been prepared by A. Hafied A. Gany, Ph.D., P.Eng., for Seminar on Climate Change Adaptation in Water Resources Development and Management., conducted by JICA and River Bureau of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Japan in Cooperation with Directorate General of Water Resources, Ministry of Public Works, Indonesia, Jakarta 28 January, 2009.
Mr. A. Hafied A. Gany, Ph.D., P.Eng, is the Vice President of International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID); and senior HRD advisor to the Ministry of Public Works, Republic of Indonesia on Water Resources and Irrigation Development and Management. gany@hafied.org.
By: A. Hafied A. Gany[2]
gany@hafied.org; hafiedgany@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Despite that the climate change (CC) has already been exposed by many countries in the world, however, Indonesia has only been acquainted with the short term observation only to some research institutes, universities and other related agencies. Till today there are still many parties that are yet pay attention to the occurrence of CC, even many community members who are still considered the CC as a garbage story that could not possibly taken place and affecting the livelihood and environment. In most cases, for those who aware of the CC in Indonesia, it is only concerning with rapid deforestation, forest fires, degraded peatlands, and diminishing carbon ‘sinks’ – as also believed by many scientists as a major contributor to global warming (GW). This postulation is not wrong at all, but it is only about part of the CC circumstances. In facts, Indonesian as the archipelago country will also be the major victims of the CC. Therefore, if we do not immediately get used to this newly CC’s induced environment we would suffer from the immediate consequences. For instance, the increasing uncertainty of water has been suspected by many researchers and practitioners as due to the impacts of Global Changes (GC), which was initially trigged by the continuous effect of CC. In an attempt to give thoughts to the nature of CC and water related problems as well as the subsequent “mitigation” or “adaptation” strategies of the GC to the continuous effects, in general, and to water related problems, one should initially know about the nature of GC in connection with climate system and their implications, as well as the subsequent alternative measures to resolve the underlying constraints and problems.
This paper discusses the nature of GC and it’s associated, human caused GC, CC’s implications, theoretical and empirical perspectives, as well as evidences of their adverse impacts and the way forward to “mitigate” or “adapt” the related impacts. Some alternative measures in terms of “mitigation” and “adaptation” strategies are outlined in this paper giving some perspective on immediate targets for actions. It is evident from the concluding remarks that the CC with its relationship to the adverse impacts in Indonesia are far more complicated than one’s ever had in mind before. So, we mutually have to do things right now, to deal with the GCs and the CC’s related circumstance for saving our environment in particular and other global consequences in general.
Keywords: Climate Change, Water Related Problems, Indonesia
This paper has been prepared by A. Hafied A. Gany, Ph.D., P.Eng., for Seminar on Climate Change Adaptation in Water Resources Development and Management., conducted by JICA and River Bureau of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT), Japan in Cooperation with Directorate General of Water Resources, Ministry of Public Works, Indonesia, Jakarta 28 January, 2009.
Mr. A. Hafied A. Gany, Ph.D., P.Eng, is the Vice President of International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID); and senior HRD advisor to the Ministry of Public Works, Republic of Indonesia on Water Resources and Irrigation Development and Management. gany@hafied.org.
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